< < ST03.3 : ST04.1 : ST04.2 > >
ST04.1: Infrastructure-Sensor Based Implementation
Vehicles are detected by infrastructure-based traffic detectors to optimize roadside lighting when vehicles are present.
Relevant Regions:
- Enterprise
- Functional
- Physical
- Goals and Objectives
- Needs and Requirements
- Sources
- Security
- Standards
- System Requirements
Enterprise
Development Stage Roles and Relationships
Installation Stage Roles and Relationships
Operations and Maintenance Stage Roles and Relationships
(hide)
| Source | Destination | Role/Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer | ITS Roadway Equipment | Maintains |
| ITS Roadway Equipment Manager | ITS Roadway Equipment | Manages |
| ITS Roadway Equipment Manager | Maint and Constr Field Personnel | System Usage Agreement |
| ITS Roadway Equipment Owner | ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer | System Maintenance Agreement |
| ITS Roadway Equipment Owner | ITS Roadway Equipment Manager | Operations Agreement |
| ITS Roadway Equipment Owner | Traffic Management Center Maintainer | Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement |
| ITS Roadway Equipment Owner | Traffic Management Center Owner | Information Exchange Agreement |
| ITS Roadway Equipment Owner | Traffic Management Center User | Service Usage Agreement |
| ITS Roadway Equipment Owner | Traffic Operations Personnel | Application Usage Agreement |
| ITS Roadway Equipment Supplier | ITS Roadway Equipment Owner | Warranty |
| Maint and Constr Field Personnel | ITS Roadway Equipment | Operates |
| Traffic Management Center Maintainer | Traffic Management Center | Maintains |
| Traffic Management Center Manager | Traffic Management Center | Manages |
| Traffic Management Center Manager | Traffic Operations Personnel | System Usage Agreement |
| Traffic Management Center Owner | ITS Roadway Equipment Maintainer | Maintenance Data Exchange Agreement |
| Traffic Management Center Owner | ITS Roadway Equipment Owner | Information Exchange Agreement |
| Traffic Management Center Owner | ITS Roadway Equipment User | Service Usage Agreement |
| Traffic Management Center Owner | Maint and Constr Field Personnel | Application Usage Agreement |
| Traffic Management Center Owner | Traffic Management Center Maintainer | System Maintenance Agreement |
| Traffic Management Center Owner | Traffic Management Center Manager | Operations Agreement |
| Traffic Management Center Supplier | Traffic Management Center Owner | Warranty |
| Traffic Operations Personnel | Traffic Management Center | Operates |
Functional
This service package includes the following Functional View PSpecs:
Physical
The physical diagram can be viewed in SVG or PNG format and the current format is SVG.SVG Diagram
PNG Diagram
Includes Physical Objects:
| Physical Object | Class | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ITS Roadway Equipment | Field | 'ITS Roadway Equipment' represents the ITS equipment that is distributed on and along the roadway that monitors and controls traffic and monitors and manages the roadway. This physical object includes traffic detectors, environmental sensors, traffic signals, highway advisory radios, dynamic message signs, CCTV cameras and video image processing systems, grade crossing warning systems, and ramp metering systems. Lane management systems and barrier systems that control access to transportation infrastructure such as roadways, bridges and tunnels are also included. This object also provides environmental monitoring including sensors that measure road conditions, surface weather, and vehicle emissions. Work zone systems including work zone surveillance, traffic control, driver warning, and work crew safety systems are also included. |
| Traffic Management Center | Center | The 'Traffic Management Center' monitors and controls traffic and the road network. It represents centers that manage a broad range of transportation facilities including freeway systems, rural and suburban highway systems, and urban and suburban traffic control systems. It communicates with ITS Roadway Equipment and Connected Vehicle Roadside Equipment (RSE) to monitor and manage traffic flow and monitor the condition of the roadway, surrounding environmental conditions, and field equipment status. It manages traffic and transportation resources to support allied agencies in responding to, and recovering from, incidents ranging from minor traffic incidents through major disasters. |
| Traffic Operations Personnel | Center | 'Traffic Operations Personnel' represents the people that operate a traffic management center. These personnel interact with traffic control systems, traffic surveillance systems, incident management systems, work zone management systems, and travel demand management systems. They provide operator data and command inputs to direct system operations to varying degrees depending on the type of system and the deployment scenario. |
| Transportation Information Center | Center | The 'Transportation Information Center' collects, processes, stores, and disseminates transportation information to system operators and the traveling public. The physical object can play several different roles in an integrated ITS. In one role, the TIC provides a data collection, fusing, and repackaging function, collecting information from transportation system operators and redistributing this information to other system operators in the region and other TICs. In this information redistribution role, the TIC provides a bridge between the various transportation systems that produce the information and the other TICs and their subscribers that use the information. The second role of a TIC is focused on delivery of traveler information to subscribers and the public at large. Information provided includes basic advisories, traffic and road conditions, transit schedule information, yellow pages information, ride matching information, and parking information. The TIC is commonly implemented as a website or a web-based application service, but it represents any traveler information distribution service. |
| Vehicle | Vehicle | This 'Vehicle' physical object is used to model core capabilities that are common to more than one type of Vehicle. It provides the vehicle-based general sensory, processing, storage, and communications functions that support efficient, safe, and convenient travel. Many of these capabilities (e.g., see the Vehicle Safety service packages) apply to all vehicle types including personal vehicles (including motorcycles), commercial vehicles, emergency vehicles, transit vehicles, and maintenance vehicles. From this perspective, the Vehicle includes the common interfaces and functions that apply to all motorized vehicles. The radio(s) supporting V2V and V2I communications are a key component of the Vehicle. Both one-way and two-way communications options support a spectrum of information services from basic broadcast to advanced personalized information services. Advanced sensors, processors, enhanced driver interfaces, and actuators complement the driver information services so that, in addition to making informed mode and route selections, the driver travels these routes in a safer and more consistent manner. This physical object supports all six levels of driving automation as defined in SAE J3016. Initial collision avoidance functions provide 'vigilant co-pilot' driver warning capabilities. More advanced functions assume limited control of the vehicle to maintain lane position and safe headways. In the most advanced implementations, this Physical Object supports full automation of all aspects of the driving task, aided by communications with other vehicles in the vicinity and in coordination with supporting infrastructure subsystems. |
| Vehicle Characteristics | Vehicle | 'Vehicle Characteristics' represents the external view of individual vehicles of any class from cars and light trucks up to large commercial vehicles and down to micromobility vehicles (MMVs). It includes vehicle physical characteristics such as height, width, length, weight, and other properties (e.g., magnetic properties, number of axles, occupants, emissions) of individual vehicles that can be sensed and measured or classified. This physical object represents the physical properties of vehicles that can be sensed by vehicle-based or infrastructure-based sensors to support vehicle automation and traffic sensor systems. The analog properties provided by this terminator represent the sensor inputs that are used to detect and assess vehicle(s) within the sensor's range to support safe AV operation and/or responsive and safe traffic management. |
Includes Functional Objects:
| Functional Object | Description | Physical Object |
|---|---|---|
| Roadway Lighting System Control | 'Roadway Lighting System Control' includes field equipment that controls lighting systems for transportation facilities and infrastructure. It includes the sensors, lighting controllers, and supporting field equipment that monitors and controls lighting systems. The equipment supports control based on sensed local conditions, stored timing plans, and remote commands from a center. It monitors lighting system status and reports status to the controlling center. | ITS Roadway Equipment |
| Roadway Surveillance | 'Roadway Basic Surveillance' monitors traffic conditions using fixed equipment such as loop detectors, CCTV cameras, , RADARs and LIDARs. | ITS Roadway Equipment |
| TIC Situation Data Management | 'TIC Situation Data Management' manages connected vehicle situation data collection, quality controls, filtering, aggregation, and storage. Through this process, raw data reported by connected vehicles are transformed into information products that can be accessed and used to support transportation operations and traveler information. | Transportation Information Center |
| TMC Basic Surveillance | 'TMC Basic Surveillance' remotely monitors and controls traffic sensor systems and surveillance (e.g., CCTV) equipment, and collects, processes and stores the collected traffic data. Current traffic information and other real-time transportation information is also collected from other centers. The collected information is provided to traffic operations personnel and made available to other centers. | Traffic Management Center |
| TMC Environmental Monitoring | 'TMC Environmental Monitoring' assimilates current and forecast road conditions and surface weather information using a combination of weather service provider information, information collected by other centers such as the Maintenance and Construction Management Center, data collected from environmental sensors deployed on and about the roadway, and information collected from connected vehicles. The collected environmental information is monitored and presented to the operator. This information can be used to issue general traveler advisories and support location specific warnings to drivers. | Traffic Management Center |
| TMC Lighting System Control | 'TMC Lighting System Control' provides the capability for traffic managers to monitor and manage the electrical lighting systems along the roadside. This capability includes implementing control plans for lighting systems that may be activated by time-of-day plans or by activating changes to the lighting based on traffic or incidents. | Traffic Management Center |
| Vehicle Basic Safety Communication | 'Vehicle Basic Safety Communication' exchanges current vehicle characteristics, location, and motion (including past and intended maneuver) information with other vehicles in the vicinity and the infrastructure, uses that information to calculate vehicle paths, and warns the driver when the potential for an impending collision is detected. If available, map data is used to filter and interpret the relative location and motion of vehicles in the vicinity. Information from on-board sensors (e.g., radars and image processing) are also used, if available, in combination with the V2V communications to detect non-equipped vehicles and corroborate connected vehicle data. This object represents a broad range of implementations ranging from basic Vehicle Awareness Devices that only broadcast vehicle location and motion and provide no driver warnings to advanced integrated safety systems that coordinate maneuvers and may, in addition to warning the driver, provide collision warning information to support automated control functions that can support control intervention. This object can also support broadcasting other vehicle information required for passing through a specific roadway segment such as variables that describe vehicle's characteristics and parameters, driver's preferences in terms of vehicle motion and behavior, etc. | Vehicle |
| Vehicle Environmental Monitoring | 'Vehicle Environmental Monitoring' collects data from on-board sensors and systems related to environmental conditions and sends the collected data to the infrastructure as the vehicle travels. The collected data is a byproduct of vehicle safety and convenience systems and includes ambient air temperature and precipitation measures and status of the wipers, lights, ABS, and traction control systems. | Vehicle |
Includes Information Flows:
| Information Flow | Description |
|---|---|
| lighting system control data | Information used to configure and control roadside lighting systems. |
| lighting system status | Status of roadside lighting controls including operating condition and current operational state. |
| traffic detector control | Information used to configure and control traffic detector systems such as inductive loop detectors and machine vision sensors. |
| traffic detector data | Raw and/or processed traffic detector data which allows derivation of traffic flow variables (e.g., speed, volume, and density measures) and associated information (e.g., congestion, potential incidents). This flow includes the traffic data and the operational status of the traffic detectors |
| traffic operator data | Presentation of traffic operations data to the operator including traffic conditions, current operating status of field equipment, maintenance activity status, incident status, video images, security alerts, emergency response plan updates and other information. This data keeps the operator appraised of current road network status, provides feedback to the operator as traffic control actions are implemented, provides transportation security inputs, and supports review of historical data and preparation for future traffic operations activities. |
| traffic operator input | User input from traffic operations personnel including requests for information, configuration changes, commands to adjust current traffic control strategies (e.g., adjust signal timing plans, change DMS messages), and other traffic operations data entry. |
| vehicle characteristics | The physical or visible characteristics of individual vehicles that can be used to detect, classify, and monitor vehicles and imaged to uniquely identify vehicles and characterize their performance (e.g., speed, occupants, emissions). |
| vehicle environmental data | Data from vehicle safety and convenience systems that can be used to estimate environmental and infrastructure conditions, including measured air temperature, exterior light status, wiper status, sun sensor status, rain sensor status, traction control status, anti-lock brake status, vertical acceleration and other collected vehicle system status and sensor information. The collected data is reported along with the location, heading, and time that the data was collected. Both current data and snapshots of recent events (e.g., traction control or anti-lock brake system activations) may be reported. |
| vehicle situation data | This flow represents vehicle snapshots that may be provided by the vehicle to support traffic and environmental conditions monitoring. Snapshots are collected by the vehicle for specific events (e.g., when a sensor exceeds a threshold) or periodically and reported based on control parameters when communications is available. Traffic-related data includes snapshots of measured speed and heading and events including starts and stops, speed changes, and other vehicle control events. Environmental data may include measured air temperature, exterior light status, wiper status, sun sensor status, rain sensor status, traction control status, anti-lock brake status, and other collected vehicle system status and sensor information. The collected data is reported along with the location, heading, and time that the data was collected. |
| vehicle situation data parameters | A request for vehicle situation data that includes parameters used to control the data that is reported and the flow of data reported by the vehicle. This flow identifies the type of data/snapshots that are requested and reporting parameters such as snapshot frequency, filtering criteria (data thresholds for reporting), and reporting interval. |
Goals and Objectives
Associated Planning Factors and Goals
| Planning Factor | Goal |
|---|
Associated Objective Categories 
| Objective Category |
|---|
Associated Objectives and Performance Measures
| Objective | Performance Measure |
|---|
Since the mapping between objectives and service packages is not always straight-forward and often situation-dependent, these mappings should only be used as a starting point. Users should do their own analysis to identify the best service packages for their region.
Needs and Requirements
| Need | Functional Object | Requirement | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Related Sources
| Document Name | Version | Publication Date |
|---|---|---|
| None |
Security
In order to participate in this service package, each physical object should meet or exceed the following security levels.
| Physical Object Security | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Object | Confidentiality | Integrity | Availability | Security Class |
| ITS Roadway Equipment | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Class 2 |
| Traffic Management Center | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Class 2 |
| Transportation Information Center | ||||
| Vehicle | ||||
| Vehicle Characteristics | ||||
In order to participate in this service package, each information flow triple should meet or exceed the following security levels.
| Information Flow Security | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Destination | Information Flow | Confidentiality | Integrity | Availability |
| Basis | Basis | Basis | |||
| ITS Roadway Equipment | Traffic Management Center | lighting system status | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Device status information should be concealed, as an unauthorized observer could use this to reverse engineer device control systems. | Device status information needs to be available and correct, or the controlling system may take inappropriate maintenance action, costing time and money. | Device status information needs to be available and correct, or the controlling system may take inappropriate maintenance action, costing time and money. | |||
| ITS Roadway Equipment | Traffic Management Center | traffic detector data | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| No impact if someone sees the data | Some minimal guarantee of data integrity is necessary for all C-ITS flows. THEA believes this to be LOW.only limited adverse effect if raw/processed traffic detector data is bad/compromised; DISC: WYO believes this to be HIGH | Only limited adverse effect of info is not timely/readily available, however without this information it will be difficult to perform traffic management activities, thus MODERATE. If not used for management, may be LOW. | |||
| Traffic Management Center | ITS Roadway Equipment | lighting system control data | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should be kept confidential to minimize attack vectors. While an individual installation may not be particularly impacted by a cyberattack of its sensor network, another installation might be severely impacted, and different installations are likely to use similar methods, so compromising one leads to compromising all. | Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH. | Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH. | |||
| Traffic Management Center | ITS Roadway Equipment | traffic detector control | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should be kept confidential to minimize attack vectors. While an individual installation may not be particularly impacted by a cyberattack of its sensor network, another installation might be severely impacted, and different installations are likely to use similar methods, so compromising one leads to compromising all. DISC: THEA, WYO believe this to be LOW: encrypted, authenticated, proprietary; but should not cause severe damage if seen | Control flows, even for seemingly innocent devices, should have MODERATE integrity at minimum, just to guarantee that intended control messages are received. Incorrect, corrupted, intercepted and modified control messages can or will result in target field devices not behaving according to operator intent. The severity of this depends on the type of device, which is why some devices are set MODERATE and some HIGH.. From THEA: should be accurate and not be tampered with; could enable outside control of traffic sensors but should not cause severe harm, but could cause issues with traffic sensor data received and be detrimental to operations | Control flow availability is related to the criticality of being able to remotely control the device. For most devices, this is MODERATE. For purely passive devices with no incident relationship, this will be LOW. All devices should have default modes that enable them to operate without backhaul connectivity, so no device warrants a HIGH.. From THEA: want updates but delayed information will not be severe; should be able to operate from a previous/default control/config. DISC: WYO believes this to be MODERATE | |||
| Traffic Management Center | Traffic Operations Personnel | traffic operator data | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Backoffice operations flows should have minimal protection from casual viewing, as otherwise imposters could gain illicit control or information that should not be generally available. | Information presented to backoffice system operators must be consistent or the operator may perform actions that are not appropriate to the real situation. | The backoffice system operator should have access to system operation. If this interface is down then control is effectively lost, as without feedback from the system the operator has no way of knowing what is the correct action to take. | |||
| Traffic Operations Personnel | Traffic Management Center | traffic operator input | Moderate | High | High |
| Backoffice operations flows should have minimal protection from casual viewing, as otherwise imposters could gain illicit control or information that should not be generally available. | Backoffice operations flows should generally be correct and available as these are the primary interface between operators and system. | Backoffice operations flows should generally be correct and available as these are the primary interface between operators and system. | |||
| Transportation Information Center | Traffic Management Center | vehicle environmental data | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Little abusive potential for capturing the information in this flow as designed. Could be moderate if this contains PII related information, but considered for now to not include any PII; DISC: WYO believes Vehicle to Center versions of this flow to be MODERATE as center penetrations could more easily garner aggregate user data that might be used for mischief. | This could be used for safety applications, and in areas of severe weather a corrupted field could have significant consequences; however, any vehicle will use other inputs before triggering automatic safety facilities, so MODERATE should be sufficient. DISC: WYO believes this to be HIGH. | This data is required for the system to operate properly. If this data is not available, the system cannot give accurate warning information. | |||
| Transportation Information Center | Traffic Management Center | vehicle situation data | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| Might be able to link multiple snapshots together and compromise some element of driver/traveler privacy. | Event driven data can be used for various mobility monitoring applications, and as operational decisions may be made based on mobility conditions, this data's accuracy should be preserved or decisions may not align with real situations. | While desireable, in most application contexts the provision of a single vehicle's data through this flow is not critical. | |||
| Transportation Information Center | Vehicle | vehicle situation data parameters | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| This isn't exactly a control flow, more like a 'suggestion flow', as the vehicle will always decide what to send. Probably no need for obfuscation. | Info should be accurate and should not be tampered so that the vehicle only discloses the correctly requested data | Parameters should be timely and readily available, but would not have severe/catastrophic consequences if not | |||
| Vehicle | Transportation Information Center | vehicle environmental data | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Little abusive potential for capturing the information in this flow as designed. Could be moderate if this contains PII related information, but considered for now to not include any PII; DISC: WYO believes Vehicle to Center versions of this flow to be MODERATE as center penetrations could more easily garner aggregate user data that might be used for mischief. | This could be used for safety applications, and in areas of severe weather a corrupted field could have significant consequences; however, any vehicle will use other inputs before triggering automatic safety facilities, so MODERATE should be sufficient. DISC: WYO believes this to be HIGH. | This data is required for the system to operate properly. If this data is not available, the system cannot give accurate warning information. | |||
| Vehicle | Transportation Information Center | vehicle situation data | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| Might be able to link multiple snapshots together and compromise some element of driver/traveler privacy. | Event driven data can be used for various mobility monitoring applications, and as operational decisions may be made based on mobility conditions, this data's accuracy should be preserved or decisions may not align with real situations. | While desireable, in most application contexts the provision of a single vehicle's data through this flow is not critical. | |||
| Vehicle Characteristics | ITS Roadway Equipment | vehicle characteristics | |||
Standards
The following table lists the standards associated with physical objects in this service package. For standards related to interfaces, see the specific information flow triple pages. These pages can be accessed directly from the SVG diagram(s) located on the Physical tab, by clicking on each information flow line on the diagram.
| Name | Title | Physical Object |
|---|---|---|
| ITE 5301 ATC ITS Cabinet | Intelligent Transportation System Standard Specification for Roadside Cabinets | ITS Roadway Equipment |
| NEMA TS 8 Cyber and Physical Security | Cyber and Physical Security for Intelligent Transportation Systems | ITS Roadway Equipment |
| Traffic Management Center |
System Requirements
| No System Requirements |